Vice-Chancellor of :

(i) Jamia Millia lslamia, Delhi, 1926-48; and
(ii) Aligarh Muslim University, 1948-56
President of:

Hindustani Talimi Sangh Sevagram, 1938-50
Chairman of :

(i) Basic National Education Committee, 1937
(ii) International Students Service, India Committee, 1955
(iii) World University Service, Geneva, 1955-57 and
(iv) Central Board of Secondary Education, 1957

Author of :

· Shiksha (Hindi)
· Capitalism: an essay in understanding
· Urdu translations of :
· Plato's Republic
· Fredrich List's National System of Economics and
· Edwin Cannan's Elements of Economics
· Lectures on the Scope and Method Economics (Hindustani Academy, U.P.)
· Educational Discourses (Urdu)
· Principles of Educational Reconstruction Patel Memorial Lectures
· Ethics and the State (Mavalankar Memorial Lecture)
· The Dynamic University; and
· Abbokhan Ki Bakri (Urdu)

Recipient of :

(i) Padma Vibhushan, l954; and
(ii) Bharat Ratna, 1963

Member, Rajya Sabha, 3-4-1952 to 2-4-1956 and 3-4-1956 to 6-7-1957
Governor of Bihar, 1957-62
Vice-President of India and ex-officio Chairman, Rajya Sabha, 13-5-1962 to 12-5-1967;
President of India, 13-5-1967 to 3-5-1969
Died on 3-5-1969.